Have you been up multiple times during the night to use the bathroom? Do you strain or take a long time when urinating? If so, you’re not alone – millions of men experience bothersome urinary symptoms as they age.
What many don’t realize is that these symptoms are commonly caused by an enlarged prostate, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition that affects the prostate gland – a gland that rests below the bladder and in front of the rectum.
Here’s a comprehensive overview of what causes an enlarged prostate, its symptoms and impact on the quality of life, the diagnostic testing and evaluation options, and treatment approaches.
What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?
BPH is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland, an integral part of the male reproductive system. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.
Typically, this gland is the size of a walnut; however, when it enlarges, it can press against the urethra, causing a variety of urinary symptoms.
Symptoms of BPH
The severity of symptoms in people with BPH can vary but tends to worsen over time. Common symptoms include:
- Difficulty starting urination
- A weak stream of urine
- Dribbling at the end of urination
- Sudden strong desire to urinate
- Frequent urination
- Sensation of the bladder not emptying completely
- Frequent awakening at night to urinate (nocturia)
Causes of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Despite its prevalence, the exact cause of BPH remains a topic of ongoing research. However, several factors have been identified that may contribute to its development.
Hormonal Changes
The most widely accepted theory is that BPH is linked to changes in male sex hormones as men age.
With advancing age, testosterone levels in men gradually decrease while estrogen levels remain constant. This hormonal imbalance results in an increased concentration of estrogen within the prostate gland. Some researchers believe that this increased estrogen concentration in the prostate and the presence of the byproduct of testosterone called dihydrotestosterone (DHT) may stimulate prostate growth, leading to BPH.
Age
Age is the most significant risk factor for BPH. According to several studies, more than half of men in their 60s and as many as 90% of men in their 80s show symptoms of BPH.
Family History
Genetics can play a role in the development of BPH. Men with close family members, such as a father or brother, who have had BPH are more likely to develop the condition themselves.
Medical Conditions
Certain medical conditions have been associated with an increased risk of BPH. These include obesity and diabetes.
Lifestyle Factors
Lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity may contribute to the risk of developing BPH. Regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight and hormone balance, which may reduce the risk of BPH.
Diagnosis of BPH
Diagnosis of an enlarged prostate typically involves several steps:
- Medical History: Your urologist will start by asking about your symptoms and medical history.
- Physical Examination: This usually includes a digital rectal exam (DRE), where the urologist inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to assess the size of the prostate.
- Blood Tests: These may include a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to rule out prostate cancer.
- Urinalysis: This tests for signs of infection or other abnormalities in the urine.
- Urodynamic Tests: These measure the pressure in the bladder and the flow of urine to assess how well the bladder is functioning.
- Imaging Tests: These might include an ultrasound or MRI to visualize the prostate and surrounding structures.
Treatment of BPH
Treatment for an enlarged prostate depends on the severity of your symptoms and whether you have complications. Here are some options:
- Watchful Waiting: If symptoms are mild, your urologist may recommend regular checkups to monitor your condition without immediate treatment.
- Medication: Alpha blockers can help relax the muscles around the prostate and bladder, improving urine flow. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors can help shrink the prostate. These drugs for enlarged prostate may be used alone or in combination.
- Minimally Invasive Procedures: These include procedures like prostatic urethral lift (PUL). The procedure aims to reduce prostate tissue or widen the urethra to improve urine flow.
- Surgery: If other treatments are not effective or if you have severe symptoms, surgery may be recommended. This could involve removing or destroying part of the prostate. Common procedures include transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and prostatectomy.
Enlarged Prostate Treatment in Phoenix, AZ
If you’re experiencing symptoms such as frequent urination, difficulty starting or stopping urination, or weak urine flow, these could be signs of BPH. Don’t let these symptoms hinder your quality of life.
At Ironwood Urology, Dr. Desiderio Avila specializes in comprehensive men’s health services, including the diagnosis and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), commonly known as an enlarged prostate.
Dr. Avila will perform a comprehensive evaluation and explain all potential treatment options for your enlarged prostate, including both non-surgical and surgical methods, ensuring you can make an informed decision about your healthcare.
To learn more about enlarged prostate treatment or to set up a private consultation with one of our providers, call us today at (480) 961-2323 or use our online appointment request form. We look forward to serving you!
