Did you know there is a whole medical field focused on the health of the urinary system, called urology? Urology focuses on the care of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, the prostate gland, and your reproductive health. Urologists can diagnose, treat, and monitor disorders of the urinary tract and the external genital organs, which can include kidney, ureter, urethra, bladder, and prostate issues. They also conduct surgery if necessary, such as procedures performed on the adrenal glands (which sit on top of your kidneys). You may need to see a urologist for several reasons.