The prostate is a small gland in men that helps make fluid for semen. As men get older, the prostate can sometimes grow larger, which can cause problems like trouble urinating. This condition is called an enlarged prostate or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
If a man has trouble peeing or other symptoms, urologists need to find out if it’s because of an enlarged prostate. In this article, we will explore how doctors diagnose an enlarged prostate using simple tests and procedures.
Common Symptoms of an Enlarged Prostate
Before we dive into the tests, here are some common symptoms of an enlarged prostate:
- Frequent need to urinate, especially at night
- Trouble starting to urinate
- Weak urine stream
- Feeling like the bladder isn’t fully emptied when urinating
- Dribbling after urinating
If you have these symptoms, you should see a urologist for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.
Initial Steps to Diagnose an Enlarged Prostate
When you visit a urologist, they will start by asking questions about your symptoms and giving you a physical exam. This initial exam usually includes the following:
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
The urologist inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to check the size of the prostate. You might feel some pressure, but it’s quick and helps the urologist determine if your prostate is enlarged.
Urine Test
A sample of your urine may be checked in a lab. This test looks for other illnesses or problems that might cause similar symptoms to BPH.
Blood Test
A blood sample may be taken to check for kidney problems. The results can show if your kidneys are affected, which can happen when there are issues with urination.
Additional Tests for an Enlarged Prostate
If the initial exam or testing suggest an enlarged prostate, you might need other tests to confirm it. Here are some common examples:
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Blood Test
This test measures the level of PSA in the blood, a protein made in the prostate. Higher levels of PSA can indicate an enlarged prostate but could also be due to other factors like recent procedures, illnesses, surgery, or prostate cancer.
Urinary Flow Test
This involves urinating into a container attached to a machine. The machine measures how strong your urine flow is and how much urine you pass. This helps track whether your condition is improving or worsening over time.
Postvoid Residual Volume Test
This test checks if you can empty your bladder fully. An ultrasound or a catheter is used after you urinate to measure how much urine is left in the bladder.
24-Hour Voiding Diary
This involves keeping track of how often and how much you pee over 24 hours. This diary can be particularly helpful if you make more than a third of your daily urine at night.
Advanced Tests for an Enlarged Prostate
If your health problem is more complex, you may need further tests, such as the following:
Transrectal Ultrasound
This device uses sound waves to create images and is typically inserted into the rectum. It measures the size of the prostate and helps in diagnosing enlarged prostate or BPH.
Prostate Biopsy
This involves using needles guided by ultrasound imaging to take tissue samples from the prostate. Checking the prostate tissue helps determine if there is prostate cancer present.
Urodynamic and Pressure Flow Studies
A catheter is threaded through the urethra into the bladder, and water or air is slowly sent into the bladder. This measures bladder pressure and checks how well the bladder muscles work when you try to pass urine.
Cystoscopy
A lighted, flexible tool is placed into the urethra to look inside the urethra and bladder. This lets the urologist see any blockages or issues. You might be given numbing medicine to make the procedure more comfortable.
Enlarged Prostate in Phoenix, AZ
Diagnosing an enlarged prostate involves several steps, starting with a simple physical exam and urine testing, and possibly more advanced procedures later on. These tests help urologists understand what’s happening inside the body and decide on the best treatment.
If you or someone you know has symptoms of an enlarged prostate, see our urologist here at Ironwood Urology for proper diagnosis and treatment. Our urologist, Dr. Avila, specializes in all aspects of men’s health, focusing on personalized treatments for prostate issues.
For more information about enlarged prostate or to schedule an appointment with us, call today at (480) 961-2323 or request your consultation using our appointment request form. We look forward to serving you!
